The operation of the dark web is a complex and elusive space within the broader internet landscape. This analysis dives into key aspects of the dark web, giving details on its users, content, and operational tactics.
Users and Numbers: The dark web's user base is notably minuscule when contrasted with the vast internet populace. With over 3.2 billion internet users worldwide, the Tor network, a gateway to the dark web, claims a mere 2 million daily users. This represents a mere 0.0625% of internet users who navigate through Tor. It would be a hasty assumption to label all 2 million Tor users as engaging in illicit activities such as drug trade or accessing inappropriate content.
Content and Purpose: The content of the dark web is multifaceted. While it hosts a fraction of the overall web, estimates suggest the presence of approximately 7,000 to 30,000 hidden services out of nearly 1 billion sites online. These services encompass a wide spectrum, serving various purposes. Notably, only about 1.5% of overall Tor traffic is linked to hidden sites. Among its users are "normal people" seeking online privacy, journalists safeguarding their sources, whistleblowers, and even law enforcement officers conducting covert operations.
Illicit Activities: While many dark web users pursue legitimate objectives, there is a darker side to this covert realm. A notable concern is the rise in hidden services distributing child sexual abuse content, with an alarming 55% increase in 2014. This underscores the presence of child sex abuse rings operating through the dark web. Additionally, the dark web hosts drug marketplaces, and despite law enforcement crackdowns like 'Operation Onymous,' these marketplaces persist, with some experiencing significant growth.
Operational Tactics: Darknet operations are characterized by intricate tactics aimed at maintaining anonymity and evading law enforcement. Frequent site relocations are a common ploy, making it challenging to track illicit websites. Fake or scam sites further complicate policing efforts, with almost half of seized sites during 'Operation Onymous' falling into this category. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are leveraged to communicate covertly in censorship-heavy environments.
The dark web exists as a small, mysterious community within the huge digital space. It serves diverse purposes, from privacy-seeking individuals to those engaged in illicit activities. Despite law enforcement efforts, the dark web continues to thrive, with users employing sophisticated tactics to safeguard their anonymity and operations. Understanding the difficulty of the dark web is essential for addressing its legal and ethical complexities.